Sun

1

Celestial

“These are they whose bodies are celestial, whose glory is that of the sun, even the glory of God, the highest of all, whose glory the sun of the firmament is written of as being typical.”
Doctrine and Covenants 76:70

God the Father

“Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.”
Matthew 13:43

“For the Lord God is a sun and shield: the Lord will give grace and glory: no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly.”
Psalms 84:11

Light

“And it came to pass that he saw One descending out of the midst of heaven, and he beheld that his luster was above that of the sun at noon-day.”
1 Nephi 1:9

“The sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.”
Isaiah 13:10 

“Truly the light is sweet, and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to behold the sun:”
Ecclesiastes 11:7

“But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.”
Malachi 4:2

Man

In scripture the sun is consistently referred to in the masculine form while the moon is feminine. Thus the sun and the moon may be used as metaphors for man and woman.

“The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.”
Ecclesiastes 1:5

“But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light,”
Mark 13:24

Purification (by fire)

“The moon also had a connection to water in antiquity, the sun to fire; both are purifying agents destined to cleanse both us and the earth.”
Val Brinkerhoff, The Day Star – Reading Sacred Architecture (Book 1), 145